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      <h1 class="post-title">线程的创建及退出</h1>

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        <span class="post-time"> 2019-12-09 </span>
        
        
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    <li><a href="#线程的创建及退出">线程的创建及退出</a></li>
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      <h1 id="线程的创建及退出">线程的创建及退出</h1>
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<pre class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">// APUE example 11-2
</span><span class="c1"></span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="c1">// lcl 20190314
</span><span class="c1"></span><span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">4</span> <span class="err">#</span><span class="n">include</span> <span class="s">&#34;../myapue.h&#34;</span>
<span class="mi">5</span> <span class="err">#</span><span class="n">include</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">pthread</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="mi">6</span>
<span class="mi">7</span> <span class="n">pthread_t</span> <span class="n">ntid</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="mi">8</span>
<span class="mi">9</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">printids</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">10</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="mi">11</span>     <span class="n">pid_t</span>       <span class="n">pid</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="mi">12</span>     <span class="n">pthread_t</span>   <span class="n">tid</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="mi">13</span>
<span class="mi">14</span>     <span class="n">pid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getpid</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="mi">15</span>     <span class="n">tid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pthread_self</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="mi">16</span>     <span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%s pid %lu tid %lu (0x%lx)</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">,(</span><span class="kt">unsigned</span> <span class="kt">long</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">pid</span><span class="p">,(</span><span class="kt">unsigned</span> <span class="kt">long</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">tid</span><span class="p">,(</span><span class="kt">unsigned</span> <span class="kt">long</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">tid</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="mi">17</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="mi">18</span>
<span class="mi">19</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nf">thr_fn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">arg</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">20</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="mi">21</span>     <span class="n">printids</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;new thread: &#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="mi">22</span>     <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="mi">23</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="mi">24</span>
<span class="mi">25</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">main</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">26</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="mi">27</span>     <span class="kt">int</span>     <span class="n">err</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="mi">28</span>     <span class="n">err</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pthread_create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">ntid</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">thr_fn</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="mi">29</span>     <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">err</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">30</span>       <span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;can&#39;t create thread</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="mi">31</span>     <span class="n">printids</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;main thread: &#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="mi">32</span>     <span class="n">sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="mi">33</span>     <span class="n">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="mi">34</span> <span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>编译时需要链接pthread，因为pthread不是标准库</p>
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<pre class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">[root@f3c6f9f95723 ch11]# gcc pthr.c -lpthread -g -o  pthr
[root@f3c6f9f95723 ch11]# ./pthr
main thread:  pid 63 tid 140407368517440 (0x7fb323530740)
new thread:  pid 63 tid 140407360116480 (0x7fb322d2d700)
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>线程退出，接收退出码</p>
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<pre class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">// APUE example 11-2
</span><span class="c1"></span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="c1">// lcl 20190304
</span><span class="c1"></span><span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">4</span> <span class="err">#</span><span class="n">include</span> <span class="s">&#34;../myapue.h&#34;</span>
<span class="mi">5</span> <span class="err">#</span><span class="n">include</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">pthread</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="mi">6</span>
<span class="mi">7</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">thr_fn1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">arg</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">8</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="mi">9</span>     <span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;thread 1 returning</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="mi">10</span>     <span class="nf">return</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="mi">11</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="mi">12</span>
<span class="mi">13</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">thr_fn2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">arg</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">14</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="mi">15</span>     <span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;thread 2 exiting</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="mi">16</span>     <span class="nf">pthread_exit</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="mi">17</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="mi">18</span>
<span class="mi">19</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">20</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="mi">21</span>     <span class="kt">int</span>     <span class="n">err</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="mi">22</span>     <span class="n">pthread_t</span> <span class="n">tid1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">tid2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="mi">23</span>     <span class="kt">void</span>    <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">tret</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="mi">24</span>
<span class="mi">25</span>     <span class="n">err</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pthread_create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">tid1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">thr_fn1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="mi">26</span>     <span class="nf">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">err</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">27</span>         <span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;err %d, can&#39;t create thread 1</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">err</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="mi">28</span>     <span class="n">err</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pthread_create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">tid2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">thr_fn2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="mi">29</span>     <span class="nf">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">err</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">30</span>         <span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;err %d, can&#39;t create thread 2</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">err</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="mi">31</span>     <span class="n">err</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pthread_join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tid1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">tret</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="mi">32</span>     <span class="nf">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">err</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">33</span>         <span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;err %d, can&#39;t join with thread1</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">err</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="mi">34</span>     <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;thread 1 exit code %ld</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,(</span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">tret</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="mi">35</span>     <span class="n">err</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pthread_join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tid2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">tret</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="mi">36</span>     <span class="nf">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">err</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">37</span>         <span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;err %d, can&#39;t join with thread2</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">err</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="mi">38</span>     <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;thread 2 exit code %ld</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,(</span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">tret</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="mi">39</span>     <span class="nf">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="mi">40</span> <span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
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<pre class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">[root@f3c6f9f95723 ch11]# gcc get_exit_of_thread.c -g -lpthread -o get_exit_of_thread
[root@f3c6f9f95723 ch11]# ./get_exit_of_thread
thread 1 returning
thread 1 exit code 1
thread 2 exiting
thread 2 exit code 2
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>线程退出时返回地址，此地址在线程退出后被覆盖的例子</p>
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<pre class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="c1">// APUE example 11-4                                              
</span><span class="c1">// lcl 20190314                                                   
</span><span class="c1"></span><span class="cm">/******************************************                       
</span><span class="cm">[root@f3c6f9f95723 ch11]# ./exit_thread_err                       
</span><span class="cm">structure at 0x7f33a3ce7f00                                      
</span><span class="cm">foo.a = 1                                                        
</span><span class="cm">foo.b = 2                                                        
</span><span class="cm">foo.c = 3                                                        
</span><span class="cm">foo.d = 4                                                        
</span><span class="cm">parent create a second thread:                                    
</span><span class="cm">thread 2: ID is 139859768280832                                   
</span><span class="cm">structure at 0x7ffebf271120                                      
</span><span class="cm">foo.a = -1546748160                                              
</span><span class="cm">foo.b = 32563                                                    
</span><span class="cm">foo.c = -1087952529                                              
</span><span class="cm">foo.d = 32766                                                    
</span><span class="cm">******************************************/</span>                       
<span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&#34;../myapue.h&#34;                                            </span><span class="cp">
</span><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&lt;pthread.h&gt;                                              </span><span class="cp">
</span><span class="cp"></span>
<span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">foo</span> <span class="p">{</span>                                                      
  <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="p">;</span>                                               
<span class="p">};</span>                                                                

<span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">printfoo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">const</span> <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">foo</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">)</span>                
<span class="p">{</span>                                                                 
  <span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">);</span>                                                
  <span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34; structure at 0x%lx</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">unsigned</span> <span class="kt">long</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">);</span>           
  <span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34; foo.a = %d</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">fp</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">);</span>                                
  <span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34; foo.b = %d</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">fp</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">);</span>                                
  <span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34; foo.c = %d</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">fp</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">);</span>                                
  <span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34; foo.d = %d</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">fp</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">);</span>                                
<span class="p">}</span>                                                                 

<span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="nf">thr_fn1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">arg</span><span class="p">)</span>                                          
<span class="p">{</span>                                                                 
  <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">foo</span> <span class="n">foo1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">};</span>                                  
  <span class="n">printfoo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;thread 1:</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">foo1</span><span class="p">);</span>                               
  <span class="n">pthread_exit</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">foo1</span><span class="p">);</span>                                   
<span class="p">}</span>                                                                 

<span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="nf">thr_fn2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">arg</span><span class="p">)</span>                                          
<span class="p">{</span>                                                                 
 <span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;thread 2: ID is %lu</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,(</span><span class="kt">unsigned</span> <span class="kt">long</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">pthread_self</span><span class="p">());</span>
 <span class="n">pthread_exit</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>                                       
<span class="p">}</span>  

<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="p">)</span>                                                   
<span class="p">{</span>                                                                
  <span class="kt">int</span>     <span class="n">err</span><span class="p">;</span>                                                 
  <span class="n">pthread_t</span> <span class="n">tid1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">tid2</span><span class="p">;</span>                                         
  <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">foo</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">;</span>                                              
  <span class="n">err</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pthread_create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">tid1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">thr_fn1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span>            
  <span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">err</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>                                                 
       <span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;err %d, can&#39;t create thread 1</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">err</span><span class="p">);</span>          
  <span class="n">err</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pthread_join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tid1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">);</span>                         
  <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">err</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>                                                
      <span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;err %d, can&#39;t join with thread1</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">err</span><span class="p">);</span>         
  <span class="n">sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>                                                    

  <span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;parent create a second thread:</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>                  
  <span class="n">err</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pthread_create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">tid2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">thr_fn2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span>            
  <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">err</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>                                                
      <span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;err %d, can&#39;t create thread 2</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">err</span><span class="p">);</span>           
  <span class="n">sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>                                                    

  <span class="n">printfoo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;parent:</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">);</span>                                    
  <span class="n">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>                                                     
<span class="p">}</span>                                                                

</code></pre></td></tr></table>
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